Stereotyping, Discrimination and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Stereotyping, Discrimination and preconceived opinion EssayWe believe that there should be mutual respect between several(prenominal)s, which is a vital pre-requisite for mixer harmony. Our society unavoidably to be more accommodating and less detrimentd. It is incumbent upon us to properly address the issue of stereotyping, detriment and distinction in anxious so that we may move forward to a healthier and more caring society. 2. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE take away Stereotype is an image or intellection of a exceptional type of person or thing that has become frigid through being spaciously held. Discrimination is to make an un serious notation in the manipulation of antithetic categories of mussinesses, especi wholey on the railway yard of race, waken or age. Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. (Source Concise Oxford Dictionary) Stereotype is to decide, usu t come out of the closet ensembley unfairly, that certa in pot apply particular qualities or abilities beca intake they belong to a particular race, stirual urge or amic able-bodied class. Discrimination is the practice of treating one particular group in the society in an unfair way. Prejudice is to influence nearbody so that they suck an unfair or unreasonable opinion about nearone or something.(Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) Globally, stereotypes, distinction and prepossession ar understood as related unless different concepts. Stereotypes are regarded as the most cognitive component, discrimination as the behavioral component of prejudicial fight downions and prejudice as the affective. In this tripartite view of intergroup attitudes, stereotypes reflect expectations and beliefs about the characteristics of members of groups perceive as different from ones own, discrimination refers to actions, prejudice represents the emotional response.Stereotypes are not only harmful in their own right they do d amage by fostering prejudice and discrimination. Although related, the three concepts can exist independently of each separate(a). According to Daniel Katz and Kenneth Braly, stereotyping geniuss to racial prejudice when good deal emotionally react to the name of a group, ascribe characteristics to members of that group, and then evaluate those characteristics. Moral philosophers have defined discrimination as disadvantageous treatment or consideration. This is a comparative definition.An individual need not be actually harmed in order to be differentiated against. He or she just needs to be treated worse than others for some arbitrary reason. The United Nations stance on discrimination includes the statement Discriminatory behaviors take mevery an(prenominal) forms, but they all involve some form of exclusion or rejection. (Source Wikipedia) Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination reflect the human tendencies to conceptualize and jimmy certain configurations of phenoty pic features differently, and act on these thoughts and feelings in our interactions with members of racial categories.Racial categorization reflects the process of placing great deal into distinct groups based on variation in phenotypic physical features of the face and body such as skin color, hair color and texture, eye shape, nose width, and lip fullness. Racial stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination reflect the human tendencies to conceptualize and value certain configurations of phenotypic features differently, and act on these thoughts and feelings in our interactions with members of racial categories.In both oert and subtle forms, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination exhibited among individuals belonging to different racial categories has long been a significant source of social strife in American society and abroad. In general, individuals with physical features associated with Whites (lighter skin color, lighter and straighter hair, rounder eyes, narrower no se, thinner lips) are advantaged compared to individuals with features associated with other racial categories. (Maddox, 2012) In Ghana, stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice is alive and kicking in Ghana like it is in any other society.Specifically, the statement brings to the fore some of the discouraging ethnic slurs or ethno-phaulisms that cut across Ghanas multiethnic society. There are ethnic stereotypes like Ashanti men are braggers throw their coin around and have a superlativeity complex but they are very ambitious and hard produceing. Ga men are big talkers but are not big spenders, they are too stingy. Ewe men use juju too much, but are good scholars. Fanti men are romanticist and sophisticated but are too honest, so they lack tactfulness and diplomacy.Dagomba men are tall, dark and handsome, but expect one or 2 rivals wives if you marry one. Akuapem men are very polite and gentlemanly. Kwahu men are very business-minded but stash their money in their house rath er than in the bank. 2. 2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM We are concerned with how stereotypes, discrimination and prejudice affect our judgment with others and therefore the relationship we have with plurality. 2. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS * wherefore do people stereotype, discriminate and prejudice against others?* What are the sources of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice? * What are the roles of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in tribal conflicts? * What are the strategies for dealing with stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice? 2. 4 OBJECTIVES OF THE show GENERAL OBJECTIVE To synthesize the people of KNUST, most especially the students as to effects of stereotype, discrimination and prejudice on KNUST campus. particular proposition OBJECTIVES * Identify why people stereotype, discriminate and prejudice. * Examine the sources of stereotype, discriminate and prejudice.* Recognize the role of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in tribal conflicts. * Discove r strategies for dealing with stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice related situations. 2. 5 ASSUMPTIONS/ HYPOTHESIS * People stereotype, discriminate and prejudice against others in the society because of the desire to dominate and control members of other groups. * People stereotype, discriminate and prejudice because they are unable to gravel all the information to make a fair judgment. * Negative stereotyping, discrimination and prejudices cause conflicts among individuals.* Understanding and appreciating other peoples values and culture precede help decrease stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in the society. 2. 6 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY To seek new insights to gather up questions and assess phenomena in a different perspective in relation to what others have done on the topic. It will educate us about value diversity and advert opportunity. We will understand how to challenge assertively expressions of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice. Develop a r esponsible attitude towards person relationships.2. 7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY * The study will help us to develop know conductge on our field of research. * The study on stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice will enable us explain to others what it entails and it consequences on human life. * The study will enable us develop our skill in research. * Educate others on the topic. 2. 8 CONCEPTUALIZATION grammatical gender Women over the years have fought shoulder to shoulder with men to gain recognition and freedom from all source of discrimination and recognition from their hard work and worth.Ethnicity and tribalism Tribalism infers the possession of a strong cultural or ethnic identity that separate one member of a group from the members of another group. Religion It involves treating someone differently because that person is associated with an individual of a particular religion or because of his or her connection with a religious organization. Age It involves treating som eone unfairly or less favorably because of his age. Age discrimination can take a form of harassment for example offensive remarks about a persons age such as teasing offhand comments etc.Program of study with the platform of study, some people look down on other peoples program of study because they feel theirs is better than the others. 2. 9 METHODOLOGY 2. 10. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN AND TYPE OF STUDY Social stack design is a popular and commonly used strategy in social science research and is frequently used to answer who, what, where, how much and how many questions. They allow the collection of large amount of entropy from a sizable population in a highly economical way.Social Survey aim allows researchers to carry out studies in natural real life settings using probability samples thus increasing external validity of the studies. Using a social survey design will give you more control over the research process and when sampling is used, it is possible to generate findings that a re a good example of the whole population at lower cost than collecting the data for the whole population. 1. 9. 2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE Purposive sampling technique will be used for our sampling technique.With this technique, the researcher selects sampling units subjectively in an attempt to obtain a sample that appears to be a representative of the population. This regularity is been used excessively because of its relative advantage of time and cost 1. 9. 3 SAMPLE SIZE Selected students from various halls and hostels. 1. 9. 4 METHODS OF DATA accrual Questionnaire includes all techniques of data collection in which each person is asked to respond to the very(prenominal) set of questions in a predetermined order. 1. 9. 5 SOURCES OF DATA Sources of data include the special source, secondary source and the tertiary source.We will use all the three sources of data. Primary sources include journals, memoirs, dairies, newspapers, reports, interviews, raw data and many more. Secondar y sources include books, television and radio documentaries, conference proceedings etc. Tertiary sources Google, Wikipedia, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, Ghana web, Modern Ghana etc. 1. 9. 6 UNITS OF ANALYSIS The unit of analysis is Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and engineering which has a student population of about 45,000. Established in 1952, KNUST has a rich history in its evolution into a first class University over the years.Kwame Nkrumah, the African Personality of the Century and pioneer of African independence is the founder of KNUST. KNUST believes in achievement through diligence and commitment. 1. 9. 7 LIMITATION OF DATA COLLECTION Possible low response rate Members in a group may influence ones decision Limited input from participants certain(prenominal) data may be unavailable It may be time consuming The research may intimidate and suppress individual differences 1. 9 ORRGANISATION OF THE STUDY EVENTS TIME FRAME Introduction 1 week Collecting information for literature review 8 weeks.Administering questionnaires and collection 2 weeks Analysis of data tranquil 2 weeks Conclusion and summary 2 weeks Total time to be used 17 weeks CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The terms stereotype, discrimination and prejudice are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. But when discussing these terms from a sociological perspective, it is important to define them stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people discrimination refers to actions toward them and prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings about those groups.(Colledge, 2013) Stereotype is an image or idea of a particular type of person or thing that has become fixed through being widely held (Source Concise Oxford Dictionary). Stereotype is to decide, usually unfairly, that certain people have particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex or social class(Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) Discrimination is to make an unj ust distinction in the treatment of different categories of people, especially on the grounds of race, sex or age. Source Concise Oxford Dictionary.Discrimination is the practice of treating one particular group in the society in an unfair way. (Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) Prejudice is a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. (Source Concise Oxford Dictionary). Prejudice is to influence someone so that they have an unfair or unreasonable opinion about someone or something. (Source Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English) THEORIES RELATING STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE What are the reasons for stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice people?Lets look at the theories that social scientists have suggested To be able to measure the existence and extent of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice of a particular kind in a particular social or economic domain, it is necessary to have a theory of how such issue migh t glide by and what its effects might be. Scapegoat Theory This prejudice springs from frustration among people who are themselves disadvantaged (Dollard, 1939). A scapegoat is a person or kinsperson of people classifiablely with little power, whom people unfairly blame for their own troubles. Authoritarian Personality Theory According to T.W. Adorno et al. (1950), extreme prejudice is a spirit trait in certain individuals. This conclusion is supported by research showing that people who display strong prejudice toward one minority usually are intolerant of all minorities. These people look upon society as naturally competitive and hierarchical, with better people (like them) inevitably dominating those who are weaker. agriculture Theory This theory says that stereotyping, discriminating and prejudice may be characteristic of certain people, but some of this is found in everyone because it is embedded in culture. bring forward of a child growing up and their parents telling them they should marry from the same ethnic group. Conflict Theory Part of this theory is when powerful people use prejudice to justify oppression others. An example is when minorities claim that they are victims and therefore are entitled to special consideration based on their race. (DJL, 2008) WHY concourse STEREOTYPE, DISCRIMINATE AND PREJUDICE AGAINST OTHERS IN THE SOCIETY The ability to form general categories is an essential feature of human thought.Without it, we could not make sense of the world. Being able to classify our experiences, the people around us, and the material objects of our culture under general headings enables us to behave in new circumstances. We can then respond in appropriate ways to things and people we have never seen before. It allows us to carry over what we have learned in one situation to another homogeneous situation. However, unlike other forms of categorization, stereotyping provides categories that are little, if at all modified by experience and knowledge.People will often ignore or re-interpret experiences in which an individual does not conform to the stereotype of the group, rather than change the stereotype. (Lorne Tepperman, 1991, p. 187) People discriminate out of ignorance and Selfishness and that they dont think about how it would make other people feel also to make them feels better. (Why do people discriminate, 2012) When people encounter instances that dis plunk for their stereotypes of a particular group, they tend to assume that those instances are atypical subtypes of the group.Example Ben stereotypes gay men as being not athletic. When he meets Al, an athletic gay man, he assumes that Al is not a typical representative of gay people. Peoples perceptions are influenced by their expectations. Example Liz has a stereotype of elderly people as mentally unstable. When she sees an elderly woman sitting on a park judicatory alone, talking out loud, she thinks that the woman is talking to herself because she is uns table. Liz fails to notice that the woman is actually talking on a cell phone.People selectively recall instances that confirm their stereotypes and forget about disconfirming instances. Researchers find it difficult to measure prejudice. One reason for this is that people differ in the type and extent of prejudice they harbor. For example, a person who makes demeaning comments about a particular ethnic group may be bigoted or just ignorant. Also, people often do not admit to being prejudiced. (Source (Lewin, 2012), 14th November, 2012, 10am) Why do we form opinions about other people based on their appearance, posture, language, and so on?We do this because different factors contribute to why people stereotype each other. We stereotype, discriminate and prejudice other people when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we need to make a fair judgment about people or situations. In the absence of the so called total picture, to stereotype people in many cases al low us to fill in the missing pieces of information. Our society often innocently creates and perpetuates stereotypes, but these stereotypes often lead to unfair discrimination and persecution when the person been stereotype is unfavorable.For example, if we are walking through a park late at night and encounter three senior citizens draining fur coats and walking with canes, we may not feel as threatened as if we were met by three high school-aged boys wearing hoodies. These generalizations root from our experiences we have had ourselves, read in books, and magazines, seen in movies or television, or have had related to us by friends and family. In many cases, these stereotypical generalizations are reasonably accurate.Yet in virtually, every case we are resorting to is prejudice by ascribing characteristics about a person based on appearance, without knowledge of the total facts. By stereotyping, we assume that a person or a group of certain characteristics. Quite often, we have stereotyped a person who might be a member of a group with which we have not had firsthand touching with before. (Why do we stereotype? , 2012). According to psychologist Gordon Allport, prejudice and stereotypes emerge in part as a result of normal human thinking. In order to make sense of the world around us, it is important to sort information into mental categories.The human mind must(prenominal) think with the aid of categories, Allport explained. Once formed, categories are the basis for normal prejudgment. We cannot possibly avoid this process. Orderly living depends upon it. This process of categorization applies to the social world as well, as we sort people into mental groups based on factors such as age, sex and race. (Cherry, 2013) SOURCES OF STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION AND PREJUDICE IN THE SOCIETY AUTHORITHAIANISM The authoritarian record is rigid and inflexible and has a very low tolerance for uncertainty.People with this type of personality have great respect fo r authority figures and quickly enclose to their will. They place a high value on conventional behavior. By labeling unconventional people inferior, immature or degenerate, the authoritarians avoid s any need to question their beliefs and attitudes. SCAPE-GOATING Unpopular minority groups are often used as scapegoats for other peoples problems. They are blamed for wide varied things that they could not possibly have caused. The term originates from a Hebrew tradition.On Yom Kippur, a goat was set loose in the wilderness afterwards the high priest had symbolically laid all the sins of the person on its head (Leviticus 1620-22). One explanation of scape-goating is the frustration-aggression theory. Its three basic principles are that (1) foiling produces aggression. (2) This aggression cannot safely be directed against powerful people and (3) The aggression is therefore transferred to weaker individual who cannot fight such as members of an unpopular minority group. culture Althou gh prejudice and discrimination are sometimes associated with certain personality traits or with frustration, both are learned.South Africans do not need authoritarian personalities to have strong racial prejudice, because they learn such attitudes from their culture. Most prejudice is acquired early in the socialization process. Children hug their parents prejudice as naturally as they adopt their parents language, and discrimination follow prejudice as regularly as night follows day. Some of the most common prejudices are taken from ethnic stereotype- ideas that portray all the members of a group as having similar fixed, usually unfavorable characteristics. ECONOMICS Conflicts between ethnic groups foster prejudice and discrimination.Some social scientists particularly Marxists, are convinced that all conflict stems from economic causes. Whether one accepts this idea or not, there is ample evidence that, the realities of economic completion lies beneath much prejudice and discrim ination. In times of high unemployment, members of the dominant group can protect their channels by making sure that members of subordinate groups are dismissed first. It has long been illustrious that anti black prejudice is high among white-working class men who compete with blacks for low paying, unskilled jobs.POLITICS The quest for power promotes prejudice and discrimination just as the quest for money does. Dominant groups use discrimination as a technique for maintaining their power, appealing to popular prejudice to justify their discrimination. In some societies, political discrimination is obvious and accepted fact of life. For example, South African does not allow native Africans to vote and until quite recently, many American communities denied the same right to their black citizens. (Coleman, 2002, pp.193-196)ROLE OF STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATING AND PREJUDICE IN TRIBAL CONFLICTS Stereotypes distort history through oversimplification but they are also extremely danger ous breeding grounds for bigotry, fear, resentment, irrationality, animosity, hatred and ethnic conflict and cleansing. Stereotypes generate self-serving attitudes such as we deserve more because we sacrificed more than others, they are twinge because it is their own fault, and it is their problem since they are killing their own people and it is their government and we have nothing to do with it.In extremes cases, stereotypes have culminated in mass violence, the mass displacement of millions of fellow citizens, ethnic cleansing, pogroms and genocide. (A. B. K. Kasozi, 1999 G. Prunier, 1995 P. Gourevitch, 1998 and M. Mamdam, 2002). The concept of tribe was derogatorily developed in the 19th century by racist western scholars and journalists to designate alien non-white people as inferior or less civilized and as having not yet evolved from a primary state. From Kukubor, the following stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice can lead to tribal conflicts. From (Kukubor, 2006), ADV OCATING SEGREGATION.This advocacy represents a belief that different ethnic groups should live apart, have absolute control over certain natural resources, can be exposed to special benefits. This advocacy began in the Ashanti Confederacy at pre-independence unsuccessfully agitated for a Federal state so as to appropriate the perceived wealth of the Ashanti. Extreme pride in ones ethnic group and Obsequious patriotism is good but extreme pride in ones ethnic group has proven to be the fascist of all regimes. CONSTANT REFERENCE TO A PERSONS ETHNICITY A unblemished call of someones ethnic group on a first encounter could be benign.But constant reference to the persons ethnic group after a long period f knowing that person, no matter how innocent the references may appear, establishes unmistakably tribal patterns. depreciative OTHER GROUPS AND INDIFFERENCE TO THE FEELINGS OF OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS. Constant criticism and ridicule of the opinions of other ethnic groups, which is often d one sarcastically without explicitly making mention of the ethnicity of persons. It is also typical to make fun of members of the inferior ethnic group. EXCESSIVE HATE FOR A PARTICULAR ETHNIC GROUP.This is where one adopts an exaggerated reaction to any perceived misconduct from a person of the other ethnic group. In this situation, the punishment is out of proportion to the original wrong, whether real or perceived, and completely ignores the provocation that have led to the misconduct resulting in conflicts. NON- RECOGNITION OF THE ABILITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS. This attitude is so endemic in our political history. Some ethnic groups in this country have consistently denied the intelligence, cultural level, social status or other qualities of other ethnic groups in the face of overwhelming evidence.CONDESCENDING status OR BEHAVIOR. People show condescending attitude towards other members of different ethnic groups. They exhibit this by attacking other members which cause them most offense. They compensate employ members of other groups they perceive as enemies and use them to attack members of that ethnic group. These employees may openly condemn the culture of their ethnic group as receding(prenominal) and shower praises on the members of superior ethnic group. Furthermore, these people have no insight into their own prejudice. They believe that their prejudice is based on objective grounds that cannot be compromised.By this strong fixation, an individual is capable of violence and other forms of crime towards members of what he views as the inferior ethnic group. For Hima/tutsi elite being called superior and alien had a feel good effect. They were proud to be told that they had racial affinities, however distant, with the new colonial masters Overtime they developed a superiority complex, which they used to claim privileges and entitlements, including being appointed colonial chiefs. They then reinvented the pre-colonial past to li ve the impression that their superiority had existed since time immemorial.Like the new colonial masters, they grounded their rights and privileges on the right of conquering and subjugating the natives some four to five centuries before the advent of European conquest and occupation. On their part, the natives felt dejected and resentful. They carried the burden of taxation and compel labor. Under colonialism, they served two sets of masters the white and Hima/Tutsi elite masters. In due course, they sought to turn their supposed native status to their political advantage. In Rwanda and to some extent Ankole, the so-called natives began to make political demands on the ground that they were the natural majority.The extremists even went to the extent of demanding the return of the Tutsi/Hima aliens to their original homelands, where they came from, and wherever that might be (Doornbos, 197831). This led to the tensions of the 1940s and 1950s and the expulsion of the so-called Baya rwanda in the early 1980s. ( www. grandslacs. net/doc/3782, 115pm, 15th November 15, 2012) STATEGIES FOR DEALING WITH STEREOTYPING, DISCRIMINATION, PREJUDICE RELATED SITUATIONS The key to reversing stereotypes is to defend them, in direct interactions between people, in the media, and through education.Between the individuals once people get to know a person from the other side, they are often will determine that the other is not nearly as bad as they originally had assumed. Even when people learn that they share fear or sadness, they can begin to understand each other more. When they come to understand that the other is afraid of being hurt, or losing a loved one in war, just as they are, that brings people together. Depending on the context and other interactions, the image of the group as a whole may become more confirmatory as well.In the media the media also plays an important role in both perpetuating and in breaking down stereotypes. If they characterize particular groups o f people in certain ways, their viewers (or readers) are likely to do the same. So if a movie or the motion picture industry in general, characterizes a group of people negatively, they are likely to be perpetuating negative stereotypes and making conflicts worse. If they emphasize the positive aspects of groups that contradict prevalent stereotypes, they can have a significant role in building mutual understanding.In Education Educational institutions and teaching materials also have the opportunity to affect stereotypes, and hence influence inter-group relations. Efforts to teach about different cultures and the history of different racial and ethnic groups can help build inter-group understanding if it is done in an effective and sympathetic way. Changing stereotypes is largely the job of individuals. Each of us should examine the assumptions that we make about others and ask ourselves where those assumptions come from.(Source (Why do we stereotype? , 2012) Training people to bec ome more empathetic to members of other groups is one method that can reduce stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice. By imaging themselves in the same situation, people are able to think about how they would react and gain a greater understanding of other peoples actions. Other techniques that are used to reduce prejudice include * Passing laws and regulations that require fair and equal treatment for all groups of people.* Gaining public support and awareness for stereotype, discrimination and prejudice social norms. * Making people aware of the inconsistencies in their own beliefs. * Increased contact with members of other social groups. (Cherry, 2013) Pettigrew (1981) and others proposed that stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice can be reduced by increasing contact between groups (the contact hypothesis), social learning, social re-categorization and debilitative stereotypes. INCREASING CONTACTS BETWEEN GROUPS Contact is effective under these limiting conditions* Group s are roughly equal in status (social, economic, or task relevant) * Contact involves cooperation and mutuality * Contact is informal so groups get to know one another as individual * Persons must regard one another as typical of their respective groups SOCIAL LEARNING * To the extent that prejudices and stereotypes are learned, we can work to avoid teaching them to children * Parents and teachers, made aware of their own prejudices, may work to specify their behavior to encourage lower levels of stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in children.SOCIAL RE-CATEGORIZATION The common in-group identity model (Gaertner, Dovidio et al. , 1993) * When members of different social groups come to see themselves as members of a single social entity, their attitudes toward the former out-group members become more positive * Crucial factor is existence of situation in which groups work together hand and glove toward shared goals * Strong support for common in-group identity model from la b and field studies, but hard to implement in real life settings change STEREOTYPES.Stereotypes can be reduced if persons can be made to engage in attribute-driven processing thinking about the unique characteristics of individuals. Factors that encourage attribute-driven processing * lay down person incentive to think accurately about others (Neuberg, 1989) * Inform persons that their own outcomes depend on anothers performance, or that it is important that they form an accurate impression of other.* self-made outcomes for members of other groups (e.g. , career success) can counter stereotypes because we often attribute positive characteristics to those who have good outcomes. (Reducing Stereotyping, Discrimination and Prejudice, 2012) CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The conceptual framework consists of age, program of study, gender, religion, ethnicity and tribalism which we use as a guide through the study. CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS The chapter three entails the data collection and analyse s based on the objectives.Questionnaires were given out to a sample of 100 students to find the extent of their knowledge on stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in KNUST and this was their response. The data analyses system used is the SPSS. The bar chart is used to break the frequencies to make it more understandable and easy to interpret. 1. From the 100 respondents, 84% know about stereotyping, discrimination and prejudice in KNUST, 8% do not know about it and 8% also do not really know about it. stereotyping discrimination prejudice in KNUST. Frequency percentage Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Yes 84 84. 0 84. 0 84. 0 No 8 8. 0 8. 0 92. 0 not really 8 8. 0 8. 0 100. 0 Total 100 100. 0 100. 0 2. Talking about people who speak up when someone is offend, insulting and ridiculing another person, 47% said they usually speak up, 15% said they always, 9% said they never and 29% said they ignore humiliating insulting ridiculing another person Frequency Percent V alid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Usua.

The blind side Essay Example for Free

The blind side EssayThe Blind Side is based on the remarkable true tommyrot of Baltimore Ravens offensive left tackle Michael Oher (Quinton Aaron). Michael grew up in the inner city ho use projects with his mother in Memphis, Tennessee aptly named Hurt Village. Michaels grade begins with him being crustal plateless and coming from a broken home with a drug-addicted mother, and an absentee father.Because of his family circumstances, Family Services took control of his life as he was growing up. Unfortunately, he was being bounced around in and out of foster homes, and now as a teenager he has taken it upon himself that he would rather be homeless. By a stroke of luck, and the coachs wish for a player the size of Michael, he ends up enrolling in a private Christian instruct where the Tuohy kids go. Michael is a quiet person.He is shown to have a kind of childish personality, because he tries to play with kindergarten children (Rachel St. Gelais) who reject or ignore him. Micha el is befriended by S.J. Tuohy (Jae Head), the youngest Tuohy whose connection to Michael starts the nut case rolling. One icy winter night, as Michael is walking down the road to the school gym, where he is sleeping, Leigh Anne Tuohy (Sandra Bullock) with her husband Sean (Tim McGraw) and children Jae and Collins (Lily Collins) pick Michael up and take him home for the night.However, he stays for the next night, which puzzles Sean, although the children accept Michael matter-of-factly. Soon, Leigh Anne offers him a room and bed. As she starts making him greater and greater favours, he comes to research through Michaels exams, and the solitary(prenominal) positive feedback that teachers could ever say close him is that he had big protective instincts. Leigh Anne will use that to explain him how to play in the field. Up to that moment, he wasnt able to get the hang of the game and its rules, and he wasnt able to understand what his role in the field was.From that moment, Michael s tarts to play well and be recyclable to his team. At the traditional Christmas card photograph of that year, Leigh Anne invites him to appear on the photo. Leigh Annes friends Beth (Rhoda Griffs), Elaine (Eaddy Mays) and Sherry (Ashley LeConte Campbell) meet regularly at a local expensive restaurant. The friends laugh about Leigh Annes project in the projects, but she cuts it off, saying that if they dont respect what she does, she will stop seeing them. An opportunity arises for Michael to play atuniversity level.However, he needs his grades to improve, so the Tuohys hire a private tuition teacher, outspoken and kind Miss Sue (Kathy Bates), who will immediately succeed. During their Geography lesson, she makes a stupid person remark about some univerity burying the bodies of dead people in their game field, which Michael seems to believe blindly.There comes a momen when Leigh Anne wants to have a face-to-face communion with Michaels mother(Adriane Lenox). Although she seems unre sponsive in the beginning, the mother finally wishes Michael the best. She says that social services had branded Michael a runner, and she forecasts that Leigh Anne will find one day that he has run away for good without giving any previous notice. Leigh Anne also faces some guys from the projects which had threatened Michael.They are left speechles when she threatens them and is not afraid of them at all. ternary universities want Michael. S. J. talks to the coaches, and leads the negotiations on Michaels behalf. When Michael gets his grades high enough, he must make a decision, and he does. He chooses the university where Sean had played for, and where Leigh Anne was a cheerleader.That causes Investigator sodbuster (Sharon Morris) to move onto the matter before Michael arrives there. She questions him as though they were holding interrogatory preceding at a police station. She thinks that the Tuohys and Miss Sue are using Michael to benefit that particular university. After think ing and questioning Leigh Ann on the matter, Michael realises that the Tuohys are now his family, and tells Granger that thats the reason for him to choose that university.The film ends saying that hell succeed and become a professional player later on. S. J went out to the gamefield with Michael before all local games.

Role of young engineers and successful examples education essay

Role of youngish engineers and successful examples education essayINTRODUCTIONThe experimental condition democracy build is usuall(a)y employ to refer to the per normalive process of engaging all citizens in grammatical construction social unity, economic prosperity and political stability in an inclusive and democratic way.A democracy is built out of the hu cosmos intellect. This means that a nation cannot be built without the citation and the collective motions of all citizens, skilled and unskilled, young and old. Young plurality argon a crucial segment of a nations maturation. Their contri more thanoverions, therefore, atomic number 18 highly needed. Young bulk are social actors of change and as the saying goes, The early days are not only the blenders of tomorrow, but alike the partners of today. It is well known that the near vibrant section of both ball club is the early daysfulness. Therefore, the youth have the responsibility of macrocosm at the f ore-front of any national exercise. jejuneness is that period when a man is full of energy, ambitions and zest for lifetime. The power possessed by youth is a recognised force today. The power or the energy can be used for both constructive and destructive purposes. Whenever there is unrest in a acres, political forces use youth for their further selfish interests 1. offspring Leadership skills are relevant to young peoples personal development, as well as their role within a group. On a personal level, youth experiences gain penetration into themselves. This helps them analyze their strengths and weaknesses and set personal and vocational goals. On a group level, youth develop the ability to contrive with separates to create a shared dream and to draw on the talents, skills, and energy of others.The task of nation expression is very challenging and can be divided into phases. Everyone can contribute towards it according to his or her capabilities. The young people should be make to understand a specific project and its importance to the society. They should be wedded a suitable direction so that they can work hard for its fulfilment. This volition make them satisfied by the realisation that they have been assigned roles in the nation building. They would be prepared to work sincerely for the welfare of the society and the field.Every citizen, including the youths, should always have it at the back of their mind that nation building is a collective effort of all citizens in constructing a desired country. No contribution is too small or too big. It mustiness also be noted that nation building starts from the community level up to the national level.LEADERSHIPS IN NATION DEVELOPMENT FORWARDING TO 1 MALAYSIA AND VISION 2020The young, according to Pearl S. Buck (a Nobel Laureate in literature) do not know enough to be prudent, and therefore they attempt the impossible, and achieve it, generation after generation. Youth is that clay which can be melded in either shape one wants. In our belief, this is the sole reason for both exploitation and utilization of youth in the destruction and construction of any nation gazeively. It is a fact that, the nations building is highly dependent on youth. Youth is that spark which needs no ignition. Youth is that powerful resource, which can either construct or destruct the whole nation. No doubts youth should step forward to take up on the responsibility in developing the nation. The countrys leaders should also embrace youths, as well as youth organisations, as they are the leaders of the future and would contribute to the nation-building efforts 2.Awareness among youth is to be raised or so the development issues and their potential roles in the country. It is also important to involve young people in the consultative process of designing policies that affect youth. If young people are inexperienced at work, they go forth also be inexperienced about policies but there are some important l essons that we have learned. For example, youths in their upper teens and 20s have been consulted, if not in decision-making, at least in informing them about legislation that would affect their lives. As such, the government policies and constitutional eatable which safeguard the needy will impact to be implemented.Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak verbalise that the 1Malaysia impressions ultimate objective is to achieve national unity among its people. He said In other words, 1Malaysia is a concept to foster unity in Malaysians of all races based on several important values which should become the shape of every Malaysian 3. Malaysia is a formula which serves as a prerequisite to ensure realisation of the countrys aspiration to achieve developed nation status by 2020 if it is assimilated in the people and practised by society. If Bangsa Malaysia (the Malaysian race) outlined in Vision 2020 is the ultimate objective of this journey, then 1Malaysia is the guide pointin g the way towards that objective. As such, youth leaders is one of the very important elements to ensure that the concept would not deviate from what had been agreed to by our forefathers. In fact, 1Malaysia values and respects the ethnic identities of every community in Malaysia and regards them as assets to be proud of. Youth in order to make his/her country developed, has to sacrifice not only their lives by protect their country at the borders but also has to protect from internal threats, and make the society a flushed bureau to live. It is possible only, if the youth realize to tab healthy by sacrificing selfishness, laziness, evilness etc., and by thinking dedicatedly for the growth of nation.Ignorance, fear, prejudice and apathy, if left unchecked, are fertile ground for breeding hatred, extremism, fatalism and fanaticism, which are the root causes of the worlds ills. So, youths of today play very world-shattering role to demonstrate strong lead potential, personal driv e, and a passion and energy for making a difference in our community and country. No obstacle is too high, too deep or too wide for us to overcome if all of us especially the young generation who will be the leaders of tomorrow willing to join hands, think and act together as 1World. By quoting an old Malay sawing machine that Together, people could conquer all peaks and traverse all valleys. One way to inculcate youth leadership, youth can participate in the youth leadership academy 4. The Youth Leadership Academy is dedicated to nurture and to build capabilities of future young leaders. As a participant, we will have the opportunity to mend our leadership skills, and be inspired by Malaysias most successful corporate leaders and young handicraftals. It is true that, youth is highly amendable, but one must show the guts to take up the challenge to guide the youth to a correct path.The central purpose of advocating youth leadership is to support youth in taking the initiative to engage in civic and community activities in order to build on their strengths and self-esteem and to work together as a team in building leadership skills. Youth leadership groups are similar to other youth development groups in that they are structured to offer youth educational, interesting material and resources that address current youth issues. Youth leadership groups are run by the youth themselves, but facilitated by a staff person in your computer program. Because the groups are self-directed by youth, the facilitator should serve as a support and guide for youth development.The key for the 1Malaysia concept is to practise mutual respect and trust among the different races in Malaysia. However, mutual respect is not just tolerance 5. That is just the bare minimum. Mutual respect means we have embraced unity in diversity. And secondly, we must trust one another. But trust is not something gained overnight. But if done consciously over time, it will eventually happen. Once t rust is developed, Malaysia will be the sum total of all races. We will not be moving as separate communities but as one Malaysia and we will be stronger. It will be a new Malaysia because well change our mindset because we trust and respect each other. We desire all will join us to bring Malaysia to greater heights. That is why youth leadership programs come in handy whereby they enable the youths to learn from the trump, and genuinely develop themselves personally and professionallyAccording to the National Centre on Secondary Education and Transition, youth leadership activities can help contributing to and universe involved in promoting the well being of the community, developing and using a positive attitude within leadership activities, developing strong, trust costy relationships with responsible adults and peers, interacting and collaborating with individuals from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, participating in a wide array of career exploration activities, maintaining a commitment to academic and lifelong learning, maintaining and demonstrating a healthy lifestyle.In a nutshell, the core elements of unity are, firstly, the attitude of acceptance among the races and the people, secondly, principles of nationhood based on the Federal Constitution and the Rukun Negara (National Ideology), and, thirdly, social justice. As such, the government policies and constitutional provisions which safeguard the needy will continue to be implementedMalaysia has come a long way since its independence. It has survived the Japanese occupation, followed by colonization by the British Empire. After years of power struggle and much bloodshed, Malaysia is now 52 years old and growing since it freed itself from the grip of foreign forces. However, independence was not the lowest objective of Malaysia. Inspired by the struggle of our forefathers, Malaysia craves for global recognition as a developed nation as well as a place on the world map. Who then is to lead Malaysia into achieving this particular dream? The answer is definitely not the current leaders as human is of finite life. It is worth mentioning a quote from our former premier, His Excellency YAB Tun Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad during one of the recent Malaysian Business Council meetings. He (Dr. Mahathir) mentioned that most of the show up council members will not be present on the morning of January 1, 2020 instead, the great bulk of work that must be carried out to ensure Malaysia as a in full developed nation will obviously have to be done by the present generations youth. However, the current leaders should not neglect their role in guiding them (the youths) as well as lay the secure foundations that the youths will build upon 6.The ultimate aim of Vision 2020 is to make Malaysia a fully developed country, hoping that Malaysians born today and in the years to come will be the last generation of citizens to live in a country that is called developing. What then you might ask is a fully developed country? Just as Dr. Mahathir put it, a developed country should not only be developed in the economic scent out but also be fully developed along with all other dimensions namely politics, social, spiritual, psychology and culture 7. The aforementioned criteria carry a significant amount of truth in them. In terms of politics, if the ruling government is corrupted and insensitive towards the community he or she serves, the country will not be able to progress. An unstable political system often results in chaos as it results in public demonstrations whereby in some cases, violent clashes in the midst of citizens and the nations defense body may occur. Violent situations like this creates an image of fear and insecurity and often these are the major factors that influences the decision of foreign investors on whether to invest, continue investing or to pull out. As mentioned earlier on, human life is finite, hence the current governing body will need replacement someday and this replacement will ultimately be succeeded by the current generation the youths.From the above paragraphs, it is noted of the significant role the youths of today will have to buy out in the future. What about the current youths? How are they contributing towards the nations growth? Youth bodies or communities such as B.R.A.T.S., Rakan Muda, YouthSays, and the like are led by youths and for youths. Its activities be of culture, social, sports, and etcetera. So how is it this a contributing factor towards the countrys development? Recalling what Dr. Mahathir mentioned earlier on, the development of the country should be developed along with other dimensions such as, social, spiritual, psychology and culture. Youth bodies such as the aforementioned promotes social bonding activities via forums, sports, support groups, and so forth. Furthermore, Malaysian culture can be promoted too via its cultural activities in the form of dance, drama, music, and so on . As mentioned earlier on, these bodies are led by youths for youths and it is only through successful leadership that will permit all these activities to be penalize successfully. In other words, the present youths too contribute towards the developing of our nation.To sum it all, youths whether it is present or future play a major role in contributing towards the success of Vision 2020 furthermore the development of the country. Let it be present or future, it is the youths that will eventually succeed their predecessors moreover lead the country towards its goals and vision. The capability of youths is powerful as displayed in their current activities and they are inevitably going to be the nations upcoming successful leaders. This is why youths are the key in succeeding the countrys Vision 2020.EFFORT TO INCULCATE YOUTH LEADERSHIPS IN MALAYSIA YOUNG ENGINEERS AND PARTIES INVOLVEDEmpowering youths towards leaderships enables all of us to get involved in nation building besides promoting national unity and social integration as well as becoming the role models in the society. Efforts has been undertaken to equip youths with the necessary skills and qualities to ensure them of a better future and to meet the accelerated pace of economic development and the changes in the environment.The strategic thrusts for the development of youths will be as follows 8Empowering youths for the future through alterd access to education and upbringingIncreasing exponentiation of youths in youth organizationsInculcating the spirit of competitiveness among youthsStrengthening the legal framework of youth development programsPromoting national unity and social integration.To encourage youths to participate actively in nation-building, their accessibility to education and instruct will be further enhanced plot of land leadership and skills learning, entrepreneurial development and healthy lifestyles program can be carried out more extensively. In addition, self-confidenc e and discipline are positive elements which should be beard in the character building program. Measures shall be undertaken to increase the accessibility of the youths into life-long learning program through distance education and non-formal education as an effort to ensure balanced development. With the healthy mental and physical attributes, excellence results in nation growth could be achieved.According to the Ninth Malaysian Plan, National Youth Research Institute will be established to undertake research in six areas, namely socialization of youths, culture and religion, youth potentials and integrity, youth organizations, leadership and volunteerism, education as well as political consciousness. Besides, national youth act Youth Societies and Youth Development 2007 has been introduced to ensure the youth programs are implemented in an integrated, coordinated and synergistic manner.In the aspect of leadership training, effort has been put to build a new breed of young leade rs as prime movers of development. In this regard, the curriculum of leadership training program could be strengthened to make it more proactive and relevant to future needs. It is estimated that about 100,000 youths, including nongovernmental organization leaders, will be trained under this program 8.The government will continue to develop and instil leadership qualities among youths by conducting charges and training on approximate values and positive attitudes. Special courses on values will also be conducted to mould youths as responsible citizens and role models in society. Greater awareness on the important role of youths in forging and promoting unity towards building a united Malaysian nation has been given priority in the leadership training programsA quality youth leader should equip themselves with soft skills in order to outperform as a nation builder. As Malaysia is a multi racial country, interaction and communication among each other should be further enhanced in or der to bring our nation to leap on a larger step of improvement with all of us working together on it. Hence, to check racial polarization among youths, more multi racial youth organizations could be established to allow for greater interaction among them. In addition, good moral values such as understanding, harmony, respect for the culture and tradition of other races, goodwill and trust will also be inculcated among the youths to enhance nation building efforts. The private sector will also be encouraged to contribute to youth training as part of their social responsibility. More active participation of youths at the international level could be promoted through intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions.In effort of nation building involving wide range of people, the implementation of Rakan Muda Programs has been strengthened to focus on specific target groups, particularly youths who are out of the education system and the sluggish youths as they are more vulnerable and easily influenced to be involved in negative and unhealthy activities. In this regard, Rakan Muda Program will focus on efforts to create role models among youths who are caring, skilled and dynamic. In addition, these programs will also focus on enhancing cooperation amongst agencies involved in the social agenda 8.A program named, Program Memperkasakan Tenaga Muda, will be implemented specially for youths who are not selected for PLKN. Activities and modules under the PLKN will be carried out to ensure those who are not selected for the PLKN training to be exposed to similar program which helps a lot in character building towards quality leaderships. To better prepare students for the PLKN, the Government will incorporate this program into the co-curricular and curriculum in secondary schools. The participants of the PLKN will be encouraged to join Rakan Muda Program to continuously nurture the spirit of volunteerism and solidarity amongst them 8.The unhomogeneous skills and leadership training program aimed at empowering youths has been undertaken by the Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development and Ministry of Human Resources.Nevertheless, combating social problems among youths could help in nation building. The measures should be taken to stave off the youth from influences by negative and unhealthy activities, but on the other hand improving self inner qualities in order to contribute to the country as well as leading the nation towards progressive development. During the Ninth Malaysian Plan period, the Government has continued to give emphasis on burden and rehabilitative program to combat social problems among youths. Closer cooperation between the local communities and government agencies in stemming crimes among youths will be established. In addition, training program for youths in the high- run a risk crime group will be carried out to nurture them to become responsible citizens.Apart from producing a productive and disciplined young generation, youth development program should continue to focus on skills training and entrepreneurial development to encourage self-employment among youths. They will be trained to be resilient and to check challenges in a competitive environment through on-the-job training and exposure to real work situations. This is to prepare ourselves towards real time challenge as we ultimately will come to work environment and contributes in different aspect or in different fields. Youth leadership program had given emphasis on the role of youths in society and fostering national unity with a sense of common and shared destiny.ROLE OF YOUNG ENGINEERS AND flourishing EXAMPLESOne may see an engineer as a person with a university education in engineering who may take an idea and spell it into a useful thing for other people to use. An engineer may make a better mouse trap, or tell people how trump to build a bridge or a skyscraper. Whatever things to they w ish to do, an engineer is to make sure people are safe and the next is to improve life. They can become very good engineers who can handle tools and machineries. Die-hards and loyal engineers to these perceptions have been losing out in terms of managerial positions, wealth and leadership to those who are enterprising and see business as well as quality management as prime factors to improve life, build better bridges and skyscrapers.In this fast changing world, the expectations towards engineers have changed. Engineers have to leave their cocoon if they wish to be better engineers of today and see the reality of life which is getting more sophisticated and complex. They need skills to manage people, technology, money, physical facilities, time, money and other resources. In addition, they also need to communicate effectively with society and other non-engineering people from various professions. Prestigious universities in the USA have been pushing for changes in their engineering programs. One might wonder why and whats behind the sudden push by universities to produce people-smart engineers?Successful engineers must learn to be a leader not mere follower neither only as a faithful employees in an organization. These skills and knowledge shall be acquired from the humanities and social sciences disciplines. An engineer must no longer a person who is shy away from things and challenges to be confronted as they can be better engineers, scientists and wealthy entrepreneur with their equipped skilful and interpersonal skills as well as passion in solving problems for improvements. engineering science is a profession that covers a wide variety of disciplines. The tasks and studies of the various fields of engineering are vastly different, though each requires problem solving through the use of mathematical and scientific principles. Such fields include civil, electrical, aerospace, computer, chemical, environmental and mechanical engineering. No matter what wil l be the speciality, it requires a time-consuming, intense course of study and efforts beginning as far back as high school in order to become a well equipped engineer. end-to-end the years, our government has increases its access to education and training especially on engineering field. We generate young professionals to enhance income generation capabilities, as well as life quality improvement of Malaysians. Nevertheless, the education and training system on engineering field has yet to be restructured, especially with greater private sector intricacy in order to cater for the demand and needs of our local industries in their specified fields.Aspiring engineers should focus on developing different types of skills such as detail oriented, keen analytical skill, good communicator, able to work on a team, able to build and improve the way things work, or creative thinker. It is not easy to become a successful engineer in this world without any long journey of hard work. In Malaysi a, there are a lot of successful engineer born in this country.Associate Professor Dr. Law Chung Lim is a lecture from The University of Nottingham. Associate Professor Dr. Law Chung Lim of the School of chemic and Environmental design at the Malaysia Campus was conferred the Young Engineer Award by the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM). This award comes in recognition of Chung Lims involvement in various academic and research undertakings, as well as his societal and voluntary commitments and contributions 9.Chung Lim has served the Institution of Engineers (IEM) since Jan 2004 and is actively involved in its activities. He has organised technical talks and technical visits for the Chemical Engineering Technical Division and has reported six events in the bulletin Jurutera over the years. Further to this, Chung Lim was a member in the sub-committee of Career and focal point of Admission Practical Training Committee and IEM Computer Lab Project Committee in 2005. In additi on, he served the 1st and 2nd Malaysian ChemECar tilt organising committee as a secretary, MC cum judge in 2004 and 2005. Besides, he also served as secretary cum treasurer and chemical risk and health assessor for the regional ChemECar competition which was held in KL in conjunction with the Asia Pacific Confederation on Chemical Engineering Conference, APPChE. Chung Lim also contributes to the reviewing of manuscripts submitted to the Jurnal IEM 9.Over the years, Chung Lim has worked extensively on various research areas which has give a lot of important outcome in many aspects, ranging from research publication, equipment design, product development and many other researches. He innovatively modified a conventional fluidized bed dryer and proposed two modified fluidised bed dryers, viz. baffled fluidised bed dryer and two-stage cross turn tail fluidised bed dryer. The inventions won him a bronze and a gold medal in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Chung Lim obtained two e-Science re search grants from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) and involved in one-third MOSTI grants which amount to over RM1.25 million. He has published more than seventy five-spot papers including journal articles, handbook chapters, book chapters and review articles and conference papers. He has produced five equipment designs, fabricated and commissioned three prototypes of unit operation, conducting three product development projects, supervising seven postgraduates, received two award of excellence from the institution, and two awards of best paper 9.As a researcher who is actively involved in drying and dehydration, Chung Lim receives requests to review manuscripts submitted to various journals, namely Drying technology, Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering Science, Jurnal of IEM, Pertanika and Jurnal Teknologi. Over the years, he has reviewed more than fifty five manuscripts and technical papers. Chung Lim received a certificate, medal and a prize award of RM500.00. Speaking after receiving the award, Chung Lim said, I shall continue to strive hard to remain worthy of this award. I shall uphold professionalism, make more contribution to promote engineering as a profession and conduct more impactful researches to the enrichment of knowledge 9.CONCLUSIONNation building is a collective effort of all citizens. As an old saying goes the youth are not only the leaders of tomorrow but also the partners of today. The Youth, as the energetic ambitious and highly capable people, have the responsibility, passion and power of being at the fore-front in developing the nation in a democratic and constructive way.Undoubtedly, Youth leadership is a significant element to ensure the concept of One Malaysia would not deviate from what had been agreed to by our forefathers. Also, Youth play a very important role to demonstrate their potential, motivation and passions of making a different in our community. The young generation , as tomorrows leaders have to think together as one. The opportunity of improving our leadership skills is being given to us by taking part in civic and community activities. Youth leadership programmes will give emphasis on the role of youths in society and fostering national unity with a sense of common and shared destiny to develop the mutual trust and respect among different races in Malaysia at the young age and promote the well-being of the country. Moreover, Youth organisations are important and contribute to Malaysian nation-building and development because youth organisations have served as a training ground for many national leaders in Malaysian history. As empowerment emphasizes development of collective rather than individual goals, it will henceforth lead to capacity building and setting the agenda for changes for Malaysia.In an effort to attain developed nation status by the year 2020, the Malaysian government has made strategic thrusts for the development of youths b y improving the access to education and training, inculcating the spirit of competitiveness among youths, strengthening the legal framework of youth development programs increasing participation of youths in youth organizations, and promoting national unity and social integration.Most importantly, the essay would not bring any benefits if we did not know the roles of young engineers in building this nation. With the profession of many disciplines, engineers should not only develop their personal technical skill but also be creative thinker, good communicator and think positively to distribute to group success.In fact, youth leaders, as the powerful pressure groups and guardians of transparency, will enable themselves to query government policies and performance for corrective action to be taken for the development of a Malaysian Malaysia. According to Abdul Rahman Embong, Malaysians (especially with the emergence of a middle class) would like to have greater democracy and a stronger civil society. This is congenital for youth organisations and their leaders to champion these new challenges to check and balance in all major issues, government policies and implementation, because youth comprises a significant proportion of the Malaysian population.

Utilitarian Consequentialist Viewpoint in Human Cloning

Utilitarian Consequentialist Viewpoint in world CloningIntroduction merciful cloning has been a contentious subject marked with heated debate. However, just about people seem to incline to the position that kind-hearted cloning at the salute time is unethical for a number of reasons including the likelihood of harm to participants and the safety of techniques used. An action is considered ethical if it portrays a commitment to honor other. This is the focus of the utilitarian consequentialist position, to increase others boilersuit good, as well as, the good of ones self. From a utilitarian consequentialist stand, homophile cloning is considered unethical. This paper is an evaluation of the utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint concerning the issue of piece cloning. benevolent CloningTo those in favor of human cloning, their arguments often revolve around the idea of addressing reproduction however, such arguments tend to focus on the narrow benefits heterogeneous (Caplan, 2014). This does not mean that such arguments lack merit some arguments in favor of human cloning in some way uphold the most meaningful and deepest shared societal values. In anticipation of human cloning, proponents cod raised possible benefits including avoiding the risk of genetic diseases, allow couples of the same sex to have children, a solution to infertility, replace lost children or spouses and replication of talent. On the other hand, opponents have their own reasons revolving on the ethics of the technological application. For example, violation of the congregation moral norms experimenting on humans, potential harm on cloned individuals and the effect of the technology on the relationship between generations (Devolder, 2013). However, both sides concur on the pick up to censure on the social and ethical implication of human cloning.Utilitarian Consequentialist Viewpoint and EvaluationUtilitarian consequentialism is founded on the idea that an action is evaluated in terms of pleasance and pain in causes utilitarianism attempt to weigh the two options in arriving at a moral decision that yields the least pain and most happiness. Concerning the issue of human cloning, a utilitarian consequentialist would weigh the pleasure and pain produced by the technology (Petrillo, 2014). Nevertheless, it does not mean that because human cloning may yield in overall happiness for a greater majority, it is ethically accepted. It is true that human cloning has a number of potential positive benefits as mention earlier however, it in addition has its own negative aspect. From a utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint, after weighing the perceived pleasure and potential pains, human cloning should not be permitted as it would result in more pain to the cloned individuals and the partnership since the clones will exist as copies or spare part of the existing humans.The utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint in human cloning holds some water and is arguable to be valid because allowing human cloning will be like setting the foundation for capacities that can motley humans at the genetic level. It is evident from previous human actions that actions of this nature have had a significant effect on the human genetic pussy (Kuhse, Schuklenk Singer, 2015). For example, the treatment of diabetes using insulin has prolonged the lives of individuals with diabetes that would have died before reproducing and thus has contributed to an increase in diabetes gene in the population genetic pool. Engagement in human cloning without reflecting on the potentially serious and unanticipated consequence would be a great mistake in the human history. Given the importance of what is a stake, the scientist should be modest in attempting to alter human procreation and life, particularly when there is no compelling reason. Alongside the many potential negative consequences to the society and the cloned individuals, this justifies utilitarian consequentialist view point in human cloning.ConclusionThough it may not be possible to know the long-term consequences of human cloning, the utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint holds that human cloning should not be permitted as it would result in more pain to cloned individuals and the society. The proponents and opponents of human cloning seem to concur on the need to reflect on the social and ethical implication of human cloning, thus pointing to the justification of the utilitarian consequentialist viewpoint in human cloning.ReferencesCaplan, A. (2014). Raymond Waggoner Lectures-Arthur Caplan, What is Wrong With Human Cloning? The Ethics of Technological Reproduction, 1998.Devolder, K. (2013). Were it physically safe, reproductive human cloning would be acceptableKuhse, H., Schuklenk, U., Singer, P. (2015). Bioethics an anthology(Vol. 40). John Wiley Sons.Petrillo, S. (2014). Moral Theories and Cloning in Kazuo Ishiguros Never permit Me Go. Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, 27(1).

Description of a participatory action oriented course

Description of a participatory action oriented feastPROGRAMME DESCRIPTION OF A PARTICIPATORY ACTION-ORIENTED PAOT COURSEBackgroundWe entrust be conducting a PAOT on work good in small enterprises (WISE) line over a one week period. The PAOT course is not a formal lecture, is interactive and histrion centred. It is recognised that SMEs contribute significantly to the national saving and that they atomic number 18 huge leaseers. It is overly recognised that however, they do not always have a preventive or safety culture. They do not employ OSH practitioners nor do the employees and employers alike receive formal OSH training. Hence the implementation of the WISE programme as one of the PAOT methodologies, whose aim is to improve functional conditions/OSH in the employment and productivity using simple, effective and affordable techniques that provide benefits to owners/employers, workers and the community. Facilitators will do preliminary work, send invitations to identified participants. Other significant persons will be also invited as the programme will detail.Target group and participantsTwo facilitators will provide guidance and steer the programme. Invitations will be extended to 30 participants force from the local informal small to medium scale enterprises. These will consist of largely the employees or owners who do day to day work and including their supervisors, managers or owners who do supervisory or managerial work. Invited important observers will include twain members of the community local leadership, one official from The Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social social welfare and one representative from the financial sponsor of material ILO, Zimbabwe Decent Work ProgrammeGeneral and specific objectivesGeneral objective Make participants become alive(predicate) that investment in little cost permanent simple improvements results in more satisfied and productive workers, more satisfied mangers who, together with the workers, will fit efficient safe studys, leading ultimately to a more successful sustainable business.Specific objectives (for the participants)Learn application of the checklist for the purpose of selecting priority workplace improvements in their SMEs in the local setting for, materials storage and handling, workstation, machine safety, control of dangerous substances, lighting, welfare facilities, industrial facilities and work organisation.Identify and focus on commonly encountered running(a) conditions problems in the above mentioned areas.Point out the local and commonly available simple low cost workplace improvements for the identified problems.Link better working conditions to better productivity.Course outline and contentsDates29 December 2014 to 2 January 2015 (five days)Venue Local Community HallSite Visit A walk of life distance from the Hall, an SME that is into furniture makingFacilitatorsDr B. Ziki and Mr D. MoyoParticipants 30 (split into 5 groups of six individuals)Cour se content Will include the history of PAOT, concept of PAOT, its advantages, the WISE methodology, scope for improvement and emphasis on the tapping of local wisdom for low cost sustainable workplace improvements in the SMEs. Day 1 to 5 Will be control by the above course content. Activities will include The opening ceremony, introductions, orientation, workplace visit, checklist exercise, group discussion of checklist results, presentation of group results, technical sessions one or two a day, implementation of improvements with an action plan, workshop evaluation and closing.MethodologyFacilitators will do preliminary work, visiting SMEs, finding and taking pictures of good examples to be employ for discussion.A spacious venue where island sitting (round table) arrangement is possible is chosen. It must also be near the visit siteOn the first day after(prenominal) the opening ceremony, the course outline is presented and soon after there will be a site visit to a chose workpl ace.The 30 participants are split into five groups of six severally. Each group will complete a checklist. A spokesperson is chosen and after discussions, he or she will point out important observations and low cost sustainable suggestions for improvement.No negative criticism is allowed.A different aspect of the WISE programme is tackled for each one day. Facilitator gives an outline of the topic for discussion and provides good examples and allows participants to discuss on the topic.Last will be implementation of improvements with an action plan, workshop evaluation and closing of the workshop.Timetable evaluation and follow-upEvaluation of the PAOT course is necessary to assess usefulness, effectiveness and areas that were good and those that need improvement. Participants are disposed evaluation forms which they fill in and immediately return. Feedback is given after all forms are looked at. Participants also must demonstrate assimilation of information and that they are rea dy to undertake self help actions to improve workplace conditions in their local settings. They are reminded to do checklists at their workplaces, identify priority areas that need improvement and draw action plans. Participants are encouraged to share experiences with each other and with their or fellow employees, as well as continue to improve even on improvements already made. They are then issued with certificates of attendance.A in question(p) calendar for follow-up visits by the facilitators at the participants workplaces is drawn up. It is recommended that this is done two to three months after the course is conducted to assess the participants self help, low cost, and local practical solutions suggested and implemented to improve working conditions. After a walk through and discussions, positive developments are praised and the discussion must stimulate the participant to remain interested in the PAOT methodology and its ideals.A small, inexpensive and clever (SIC) contest held anytime between two to twelve months is organised to show the group with the best SIC solutions to identified workplace condition/s needing priority attention. An achievement workshop can be planned for six months to a year after the PAOT course. Participants present on their achievements and sustainable improvements and the best presentation can be rewarded.ReferencesLearning modules A8.1 and 8.2Participatory Action-Oriented Training. Ton That Khai, Tsuyoshi Kawakami and Kazutaka Kogi. 2011. An ILO publication.Roles of Participatory Action-oriented Programs in Promoting Safety and Health at Work. Safety and Health at Work. Safe Health Work 20123155-65An introduction to the WISE Program. Conditions of Work and Employment Programme. An ILO initiative.

Michael Moores Roger & Me Essay -- Documentary Films General Motors E

Michael Moores Roger & MeRoger & Me is a documentary film chronicling the workings of one of the worlds largest corporations, public Motors, as it nearly turns its hometown of Flint, Michigan, into a ghost town. In his quest to discover why GMs management and board of directors would do such a thing, filmmaker Michael Moore, a Flint native, attempts to meet the chairman, Roger Smith, and invite him out for a few beers up in Flint to talk things over. Moore is the son of a Flint autoworker and a whole family of autoworkers. Roger & Me examines how Moores hometown of Flint is affected when General Motors closes down a series of factories in order to set up production in Mexico. The town is devastated, frugalally and spiritually, because GM was practically the only game in town - the city was built around GM.Since 1983, car sales had steadily risen and GM has posted disgrace pay of nearly $19 billion. So why lay off all of these people? Moore points out that he and his friends were raised on the American envisage which promised that if you worked hard and the company you worked for prospered, you would prosper, too. Now, it seems GMs board of directors has changed the rules you work hard, the company prospers- and you lose your job. Roger & Me shows that capitalism is not always consistent with this American Dream.Roger & Me shows that GMs board of directors used company profits not to create new jobs, but to buy already existing assets, such as data processing companies (EDS) and weapons manufacturers (Hughes Aircraft) at inflated prices, and to automate their on-going assembly lines, and build new plants in Mexico and in Asia -- destroying jobs in the United States in the process. In Mexico, GM pays the worker... ...t be done in work. This man is similarly upset because the point of unions is to increase the workers strength in bargaining with employers. The union clearly did not help in the case of the GM workers in Flint.Roger & Me is a great document ary film. It captures a lot about our form of capitalism. Moore shows the problems that large capitalist companies make, in a way that appeals to a broad audience. Since it is a truly story, it is not telling some story of how things could be or would be, but how things really are. Fred Ross must evict numerous people out of their homes daily so that he has a roof over his head and food for himself. While one half of Flint is receiving some kind of Government Welfare for being unemployed, Roger Smith is giving himself a $2 million raise. In a better world profit maximization would not be the goal of an economic system or a society.

School Violence Essay -- Violence Education Security Technology Essays

Over the past several years, an epidemic of school delirium has oertaken our nation. From monthly shootings, to daily bomb threats around the country, violence is becoming to a greater extent and more common in schools. It is typical to hear about acts of violence among our youth everyday on the news. Although more numerous in cities, this violence does not discriminate against inner city or suburban areas it happens everywhere. When addressing this quick spread of crime, one can inquire as to its history and wherefore it happens, myths about school violence, and how was can taper it, by the use of technology. History of inform ViolenceThe history of violence in schools has no set pattern, precisely statistics report back to the 1970s. In 1978, a reported 282,000 students were assaulted in high schools, and 5,200 teachers were also assaulted that year (Elliot, 1998). Between 1984 and 1994, the number of teens who were killed doubled, while the number of adult homicides fal l (Elliot, 1998). Over the years, students have felt increasingly more afraid to go to school. Along with the number of homicides increasing, lesser crimes like theft and assault have kaput(p) up as well (Elliot, 1998). An outrageous statistic from the book Violence in American Schools, states nearly half (47%) of all teens believe their schools are becoming more violent, and one of every ten report a fear of being shot or hurt by classmates that carry weapons to school (Elliot, 1998). Sadly enough, over the years, children have become afraid to go to a place, which once made them feel safe. Myth and Fact of School ViolencePeople have many different perceptions about what school violence is, and how it is handled. There are many misconceived ideas about... ...ology. American School & University. Retrieved April 11, 2015 from www.ephostepnet.com Garza, Katie. (2002). School Security Moves Into the Digital Age. The Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2015, from www.ephostepnet. com.Goldberg, L. (2003). Creating Safer and More Efficient Schools with Biometric Technologies. The Journal. Retrieved April 11, 2015, from www.ephostepnet.com.Goldberg. P A. & Conoley.J.C. (Eds.)(1997) School Violence Intervention. New York The Guildford Press Shafii, S, M. & Shafii, S.L. (Eds.). (2001). School Violence Assessment, Management, Prevention. Washington , DC American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Szczerba, Peter. (2000). Advances in Protection. American School & University. Retrieved April 11, 2015, from www.ephostepnet.com.Trump. K. (1998) Practical School Security. California Corwin Press Inc.